September is a great time to start planting flower seeds for next year’s garden. Many flowers benefit from being planted in the fall. By sowing seeds now, gardeners can enjoy beautiful flowers earlier in the season.
Planting flower seeds in September can lead to stronger plants and more abundant blooms. The cooler temperatures and increased rainfall create ideal conditions for seed germination and root development. This article will explore nine flower varieties that thrive when planted in September.
1) Cornflower – Centaurea cyanus
Cornflowers are easy-to-grow annuals that bring vibrant blue colors to gardens. They thrive in well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0.
Gardeners can sow cornflower seeds directly in the garden in September for spring blooms. The plants adapt well to various conditions, making them ideal for beginners.
Cornflowers have slender stems and narrow leaves. Their flowers feature blue petals surrounding a central cluster of smaller florets.
To prepare the soil, one should loosen it to a depth of at least 15 cm. Remove any debris and rake the area smooth before planting.
For earlier flowers, gardeners in zones 6-9 can try fall sowing of cornflower seeds. This gives the plants a head start for the coming spring.
2) Scabiosa – Pincushion Flowers
Scabiosa, also known as pincushion flowers, are charming blooms that add texture and color to gardens. They come in shades of blue, pink, purple, and white.
Gardeners can sow Scabiosa seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost. This timing allows for strong seedlings to be ready for spring planting.
For direct sowing, it’s best to wait until after the last frost date. Scabiosa seeds need light to germinate, so they should be pressed into the soil surface rather than buried.
Scabiosa prefer full sun and well-draining soil. They thrive in temperatures between 65°F to 70°F (18°C to 21°C) during germination.
Once established, these flowers are relatively low-maintenance. They attract pollinators like bees and butterflies, making them a great addition to any garden.
3) White Lace Flower – Orlaya grandiflora
White Lace Flower is a charming annual that produces delicate, pure white blooms. It’s easy to grow and adds an elegant touch to gardens and bouquets.
Sowing Orlaya grandiflora in September gives the plants a head start for spring flowering. Sow seeds indoors in pots about 6 weeks before the last spring frost.
The plants prefer full sun to partial shade and well-draining soil. They grow to about 2 feet tall and spread 12-18 inches wide.
White Lace Flower blooms from late spring through summer. Regular harvesting encourages more flowers to grow. Cut stems at ground level for best results.
This plant attracts pollinators and makes an excellent filler in flower arrangements. Its fern-like foliage adds texture to garden beds and borders.
4) Nigella – Love in a Mist
Nigella, also known as Love-in-a-Mist, is a charming annual flower that adds whimsy to gardens. It grows easily from seed and blooms in late spring.
The plant has delicate, lacy foliage and fluffy flowers in shades of blue, purple, pink, and white. Its unique seed pods also make interesting additions to dried flower arrangements.
Nigella thrives in full sun and average, well-draining soil. Sow seeds directly in the garden as soon as the soil can be worked in spring. For a continuous display, plant seeds every 2-3 weeks.
This flower is perfect for filling spaces after spring bulbs finish blooming. It’s also a great choice for cut flower gardens.
Nigella is low-maintenance and self-seeds readily, ensuring future blooms with minimal effort. Its versatility and ease of care make it an excellent choice for both novice and experienced gardeners.
5) Calendula – Pot Marigold
Calendula, also known as pot marigold, is a cheerful flower that’s easy to grow. It blooms from spring through fall in cool climates, taking a break during intense summer heat.
Sowing calendula seeds in September can lead to early spring blooms. Plant the seeds about 1/4 inch deep in pots or directly in the garden. They prefer temperatures between 70-75°F (21-24°C) for best germination.
Calendula thrives in sunny spots with well-draining soil. These flowers are not only pretty but also useful. Their petals are edible and make a colorful addition to salads.
These plants can self-sow, potentially providing more blooms in the following spring. Calendula is also known to attract pollinators, making it a great addition to any garden.
6) Sweet Alyssum – Lobularia maritima
Sweet Alyssum is a low-growing annual that produces clusters of tiny, fragrant flowers. It’s easy to grow and makes a great addition to gardens, borders, and containers.
Sweet Alyssum seeds can be sown directly in the garden after the last frost. Gardeners can also start them indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date.
The plant prefers full sun but can tolerate partial shade. It grows best in well-draining soil and reaches a height of 3-8 inches with a spread of 10-12 inches.
Sweet Alyssum blooms quickly, usually within 50-60 days of planting. It produces an abundance of small white, pink, or purple flowers that attract pollinators to the garden.
This plant is deer-resistant and can thrive in various climates. It’s suitable for USDA hardiness zones 5-9. Regular deadheading encourages continuous blooming throughout the growing season.
7) Crimson Clover – Trifolium incarnatum
Crimson clover is a stunning annual flower that grows quickly and easily. It’s known for its bright red blooms that appear in spring.
This plant thrives in various soils and conditions. Gardeners can sow crimson clover seeds from late summer through early fall.
Crimson clover grows 12-36 inches tall when fully mature. It prefers cool weather and well-drained soils.
As a cover crop, crimson clover fixes nitrogen in the soil. This makes it great for improving soil health in gardens and meadows.
The plant’s large seeds make it easy to establish. Gardeners can simply broadcast the seeds in untilled areas for good results.
8) Hellebore – Lenten Rose
Hellebores are perfect for adding color to shady gardens in late winter and early spring. These hardy perennials are easy to grow from seed, making them a great choice for September sowing.
Hellebore seeds need a period of cold to germinate. Sow them in pots or directly in the garden in September. Press the seeds gently into the soil surface, but don’t bury them.
Keep the soil moist and wait patiently. Hellebore seeds can take several months to sprout. Young plants will bloom in their second or third year.
Hellebores prefer partial shade and well-draining soil. They come in various colors, including white, pink, purple, and green. These long-lived plants can naturalize in suitable conditions.
Remember to wear gloves when handling hellebores, as all parts of the plant are toxic if ingested.
9) Asters
Asters are beautiful fall-blooming flowers that can be sown in September. These daisy-like blooms come in various colors, including purple, pink, and white.
Asters prefer full sun but can tolerate partial shade. They grow well in most soil types as long as it’s well-draining.
When planting aster seeds, lightly cover them with soil. Keep the soil moist until germination occurs, which usually takes about 1-3 weeks.
Asters attract butterflies and bees, making them a great addition to pollinator gardens. They also make excellent cut flowers for bouquets.
These hardy plants are generally low-maintenance once established. Regular deadheading can help prolong their blooming period, which typically lasts from late summer through fall.
Soil Preparation and Fertilization
Start by clearing your garden of weeds and debris. Remove any plants that have finished blooming.
Loosen the soil with a garden fork or tiller to about 6-8 inches deep.
Add organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure. This improves soil structure and fertility.
Mix it in well with the existing soil. For clay soils, add some sand to improve drainage.
Test your soil pH. Most flowers prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0-7.0).
Add lime to raise pH or sulfur to lower it if needed.
Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer. Look for one with equal parts nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (like 10-10-10).
Work it into the top few inches of soil.
Ideal Locations and Sunlight Requirements
Choose spots that get at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily for most flowers.
Some plants like poppies and lupines prefer full sun.
Consider your garden’s microclimates. South-facing areas are warmer, while north-facing spots are cooler.
Use this to your advantage when placing seeds.
Avoid areas with poor drainage or where water pools after rain. Raised beds can help if your soil drains slowly.
Plant tall flowers like sunflowers on the north side of your garden. This prevents them from shading shorter plants.
Think about winter protection. Areas near walls or fences can shelter delicate seedlings from harsh winds.
Tips for Successful Germination
Proper germination techniques are key for healthy flower growth. These tips focus on two crucial factors: water and temperature management.
Optimal Watering Practices
Consistent moisture is vital for seed germination. Water the soil gently to avoid displacing seeds.
Keep the top layer damp but not waterlogged.
A spray bottle works well for light, even watering.
Cover seed trays with plastic wrap to maintain humidity. Remove the wrap once seedlings emerge.
For outdoor sowing, water deeply before planting. This preps the soil and reduces the need for frequent watering after sowing. Mulch around seeds to retain moisture and prevent soil from drying out.
Check soil moisture daily. Water when the surface feels dry to the touch.
Avoid overwatering, which can lead to fungal issues and seed rot.
Temperature Considerations
Most flower seeds germinate best in warm conditions. Ideal soil temperatures range from 65-75°F (18-24°C).
Use a soil thermometer to check.
Provide bottom heat with a seedling heat mat for indoor starts. This speeds up germination and improves success rates.
Remove heat once seedlings emerge.
For outdoor sowing, choose a sunny spot. Warm soil temps encourage faster germination.
Some seeds like columbine need cold stratification. Place these in the fridge for a few weeks before sowing.
Protect newly sown areas from extreme temperature swings. Use row covers or cloches to maintain stable conditions.
Remove covers on warm days to prevent overheating.
Long-Term Care for Spring and Summer Blooms
Taking care of flower seeds sown in September requires ongoing attention. Regular maintenance and protecting plants from pests and diseases help ensure beautiful blooms in spring and summer.
Seasonal Maintenance
Water new seedlings regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
As plants grow, adjust watering based on rainfall and temperature.
Fertilize flowers every 4-6 weeks during the growing season. Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer for best results.
Deadhead spent blooms to encourage more flowering. This also keeps plants looking tidy.
Mulch around plants in late fall to protect roots from winter cold. Remove mulch in early spring to allow soil to warm.
Stake tall flowers like snapdragons to prevent wind damage. Use bamboo stakes or metal supports.
Divide perennials every 3-4 years to maintain vigor and prevent overcrowding.
Pest Control and Disease Prevention
Inspect plants regularly for signs of pests or diseases. Common issues include aphids, slugs, and powdery mildew.
Use organic pest control methods when possible. Neem oil sprays can deter many insects.
Improve air circulation by spacing plants properly and pruning as needed. This helps prevent fungal diseases.
Remove any diseased plant material promptly to prevent spread.
Dispose of infected parts in the trash, not compost.
Companion planting can help deter pests naturally. For example, marigolds repel many garden pests.
Apply fungicides preventatively in humid climates to protect against common plant diseases.
Frequently Asked Questions
Sowing flower seeds in September can lead to beautiful blooms in spring and summer. Proper timing and care are key for success when planting in fall.
Is September a good time to plant seeds for spring and summer flowering?
September is an excellent time to plant many flower seeds.
Cool-season annuals like cornflowers and calendulas do well when sown in early fall. Some perennials also benefit from fall planting.
Hardy annuals like scabiosa can be sown directly outdoors in September.
This gives them time to establish roots before winter, leading to stronger plants and earlier blooms in spring.
Are there any special considerations when sowing flower seeds in the fall for spring growth?
When planting in fall, choose a sheltered spot with well-draining soil.
Protect seedlings from harsh weather with cloches or cold frames if needed.
Water seeds gently and keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
Mulch around plants to insulate roots from freezing temperatures.
How late in the fall can I sow flower seeds for a successful bloom in spring and summer?
The ideal planting time varies by flower type and your local climate.
In general, aim to sow seeds at least 6-8 weeks before the first frost date in your area.
Hardy annuals like nigella and calendula can often be planted as late as October in many regions.
For best results, check seed packets for specific timing recommendations.
